Studies show that immune cell impairment can affect brain growth in autism.
The autism spectrum disorder affects how a person affects how to communicate, behave and communicate with others. This often involves repeated actions or some titles. Scientists have long been trying to find out what is happening in the brain to cause these patterns. An area they have seen is that there are contacts and trimmed between nerve cells of the brain. These contacts, called Synapses, are where the brain cells talk to each other. In autism, many of them have found Synaptic contacts in studies, how can brain interfere with the brain functioning. Generally, as a child grows, the brain removes extra or weak contacts in a process called harvesting. This allows the brain to work more efficiently. Cells called microogy, which act as a brain immune system, help this cleaning work. They are trimmed without snaps, as the gardeners cut more branches. This process is especially active in early life and teenage years, when the brain is developing rapidly.
But it is difficult for people to study direct micogylia, especially in people with autism. Scientists cannot only put into practice and observe these cells in the living human brain. So researchers at Militata Health University in Japan found a way to get around. They used blood immune cells, known as macrophages, which can be made to work in the same way as a microogy. They converted these macrophages into two types using lab techniques – a type that responds to problems more aggressively and the other that helps repair and regulate them.
To see the extent to which these lab cells can clear the brain connectivity, the team added pieces of synapses, called Synaptosomes, made of STEM cells. These synaptosomes imitate debris that will need to be cleaned in the brain. When macrophage came from people without autism, designed to help repair them (called M-CSF macrophage) worked well in clearing synaptosomes. But when the cells come from autism, the same M-CSF macrofies did not perform. When they talked about clearing the synaptic material, they reacted poorly.
Researchers found that the difference in performance could be linked to a particular gene, CD209. It seems that gene plays its role in helping cells recognize and incorporate into synaptic pieces. In people with autism, this gene was not so dynamic, which can explain a poor cleaning response.
This discovery shows that the problems that appear in autism may not only be about brain wiring, but also include how immune cells clean additional wiring. If the microbiogy in the brain also shows the same problem, it may be explained why autism endorses why many synaptic contacts end up. They can confuse the brain messaging system and make it difficult to filter and respond to information.
Such research is still new, but it is an important step to know why autism develops like this. Initial studies mostly considered the number or changes of synapses in mental activity after death. This shows that blood -borne cells can also show differences that may be related to the events in the brain. It opens new ideas for future treatment.
If future research gets the same kind of reaction in the mental microogy, scientists may be able to develop treatment that helps these cells work better. This can one day lead to the treatment that supports the more balanced development of the brain and improves how people with autism think, feeling and interaction.
For now, this study adds a new piece to the autism puzzle. This shows that the body’s cleaning staff is struggling for its work, which causes a lot of disorder in the brain. And this disorder can be part of something that makes people more difficult to learn and learn on the spectrum.
Sources:
Study Links Autism Bad Synaptic Cutting
Phagocytosis of synaptosome phagocytosis in macrophages of people with autism spectrum disorder
